![]() The traditional risk factors for CVD such as hypertension, diabetes and smoking behavior were prevalent in both PLHIV and nonHIV populations ranging from 5 to 45%. A higher prevalence of subclinical CVD such as abnormal cIMT and carotid plaques was frequently observed in the PLHIV rather than in the nonHIV population and a high proportion of early onset of CVD was found among young PLHIV adults. Clinical CVD was frequently observed in the early era of the highly active antiretroviral therapy. ResultsĪmong PLHIV, the prevalence of subclinical CVD ranged from 10 to 28% and the incidence rate of clinical CVD ranged from 0.37 to 1.17 /100 person-years. Two reviewers working on duplicate and quality assessments, independently extracted data, and thematically analyzed the data. Publications reported situations and risk factors both traditional and HIV-specific for CVD among PLHIV in the region were included. MethodsĪ systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases for articles published before 2019 was conducted. We conducted a systematic review of the situation and risk factors for CVD among PLHIV in countries with the greatest impact of CVD attributable to HIV in the Asia-Pacific region. ![]() However, the epidemiologic evidence of this problem from the Asia-Pacific region remains unclear. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to atherosclerosis have become one of the major causes of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV) since effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been available throughout the world.
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